English Students
Selasa, 07 Februari 2017
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 1, 2, AND 3
Conditional
Sentence Type 1
→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will
be fulfilled.
Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
Form
if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example: If I find her address, I will send her an
invitation.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In
this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I will send her an invitation if I find
her address.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause might be negative. See Simple Present und will-Future on how to form negative
sentences.
Example: If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will
phone him in the evening.
Use
Conditional Sentences Type I refer to
the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is
fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually
will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so
we think it is likely to happen.
Example: If
I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
I want to send an invitation to a
friend. I just have to find her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will
find it.
Example: If
John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.
I know John very well and I know that he
earns a lot of money and that he loves Ferraris. So I think it is very likely
that sooner or later he will have the money to buy a Ferrari.
Conditional
Sentence Type 2
→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
Form
if + Simple Past, main
clause with Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
The
main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't
use a comma.
Example: I would send her an invitation if I found her address.
Note: Main clause and / or if
clause might be negative. See Simple Past und Conditional I on
how to form negative sentences.
Example: If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.
Were instead of Was
In
IF Clauses Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.
Example: If I were you, I would not do this.
Use
Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the
present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I
don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what
would happen if …“
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an
invitation.
I would like to send an invitation to a
friend. I have looked everywhere for her address, but I cannot find it. So now
I think it is rather unlikely that I will eventually find her address.
Example: If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari.
I know John very well and I know that he
doesn't have much money, but he loves Ferraris. He would like to own a Ferrari
(in his dreams). But I think it is very unlikely that he will have the money to
buy one in the near future.
Conditional
Sentence Type 3
→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the
past.
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
Form
if + Past Perfect, main
clause with Conditional II
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
The
main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don't
use a comma.
Example: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.
Note: Main clause and / or if
clause might be negative. See Past Perfect and Conditional II on how to form negative sentences.
Example: If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.
Use
Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the
past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been
fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would
have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her
an invitation.
Sometime in the past, I wanted to send
an invitation to a friend. I didn't find her address, however. So in the end I
didn't send her an invitation.
Example: If John had had the money, he would have bought a
Ferrari.
I knew John very well and I know that he
never had much money, but he loved Ferraris. He would have loved to own a
Ferrari, but he never had the money to buy one.
Senin, 06 Februari 2017
Expressing Offer and Suggestion
EXPRESSING OFFER AND SUGGESTION
I.
Pendahuluan
a. Deskripsi
Dalam modul ini Anda akan mengidentifikasi dan
memahami ungkapan tawaran dan saran. Anda juga diharapkan dapat
mengidentifikasi tujuan atau fungsi sosial.
b.
Kompetensi
Dasar
Kompetensi Dasar dari bab ini adalah:
3.1 Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan
unsur kebahasaan pada ungkapan memberi saran dan tawaran, serta responnya,
sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
4.1
Menyusun teks lisan dan tulis untuk menyatakan, menanyakan, dan merespon
ungkapan memberi saran dan tawaran, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial,
struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks
II.
Penjelasan Materi
OFFER
A. What is offer?
Offer is
an expression of the desire by people in front of the other people to do
something or not to do something
B. What is
the purpose of offer?
a.
Offer means to present, introduce or propose a help or a assist for
consideration.
b.
Offer means to propose a help. It can be accepted or refused.
C. How to
express offer?
Example :
·
Formal
Dialogue
Maya : Can I get you ice tea to drink?
Dwi : Yes, that would be nice, Thank you.
·
Informal
Dialogue
Hadi : Are you up for some dinner?
Ikeu : Hey, thanks. What’s on the menu?
Hadi : What about something to drink?
Ikeu : Sure. What about some coffee?
Hadi : I’d like it very much.
A. How to
respond to offer?
Example :
a. Accepting
Sekar : May I get you some to
drink?
Febby : Yes, I’d love to get some tea.
Dewi : Would you like me to
get you some food?
Rosta : That
would be nice. Thank you.
b. Refusing
/ Declining
Astri : Would you like some cookies?
Sri : Thank you, but I’m on a diet.
Astri : How about a cup of tea?
Sri : I’d like to have a cup of tea. Unfortunately,
I’m late for a
meeting.
SUGGESTION
A. What is
suggestion?
Suggestion is about say or write our
ideas about what people should do.
B.
What is the purpose of suggestion?
a.
Suggest
means to present a suggestion that is to introduce
or propose an idea or a plan for consideration. It can be accepted or refused
b. Suggestions are
abstract and can be in form of solution, advice, plan, and idea.
C. How to
express suggestion?
1.
Asking for Suggestion
·
Do you have any suggestions for me?
·
Would you mind giving me your suggestion?
·
Can you tell me what I should do?
·
What should I do?
2.
Giving Suggestion
·
You should + V1
·
You had better + V1
·
You ought to + V1
·
I suggest you to + V1
·
How about + Ving
·
Let’s + V1
·
Why don’t you + V1
·
Couldn’t you + V1
·
What about + Ving
a. Giving suggestion with “let’s”
Let's comes from the word let
us, which means: "I have a suggestion for us" (saya punya
suatu saran untuk kita)
Pattern :
Example :
Case:
I’m bored.
Suggestion:
Let’s go to a movie
Let’s not go to beach. Let’s stay
home instead
a.
Giving suggestion with “could”
·
“Could” can be used to give suggestion
to others
Case:
What should we do tomorrow?
Suggestion:
We could
go on a picnic.
We could
go to Yulia’s party.
· “Could” can be used to give offer or possibility to
others
Case:
I’m having trouble in math class
Suggestion:
You could talk to
your teacher.
You could ask
Anna to help you with your math lessons.
b. Giving
suggestion with “why don’t”
“Why don’t” is the most important phrase in English to provide suggestion
friendly.
Example :
Why don’t we go to a movie?
(In the context of that sentence,
"Why do not we go = Let's go")
•
Why
don’t you come around eight?
(In the context of that sentence means: I suggest you to come
around eight)
1.
Responding to Suggestion
a.
Accepting Suggestion
·
Sure
·
Ok. Yes,
let's.
·
Yes, I'd
like to.
·
Yes, I'd
love to.
·
What a
good idea!
·
Why not?
·
Yes, with
pleasure.
·
That
sounds like a good idea.
·
That's a
good/nice/wonderful idea.
b.
Refusing Suggestion
·
No, let's
not.
·
No, I'd
rather not.
·
I don't
feel like it.
·
I dislike
your suggestion.
·
What an
awful / bad idea!
·
I don’t
think it’s a good idea. Sorry
·
Sorry.
That’s boring. Let’s do something else.
·
It’s a bad
idea.
·
No, let’s
not. Let’s …
·
I’m
afraid, we/ I can’t.
·
No, I
don’t think so.
Note :
1.
The
verb "suggest" can be followed by either:
a.
should
+ verb = I suggest (that) we should
go to the library.
b.
a
verb (in the subjunctive form)= I suggest
(that) we go to the library.
2.
"That"
is optional:
"I suggest that we
should visit London."
"I suggest we should visit London."
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